home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
SGI Hot Mix 17
/
Hot Mix 17.iso
/
HM17_SGI
/
research
/
lib
/
r_test.pro
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1997-07-08
|
4KB
|
117 lines
;$Id: r_test.pro,v 1.4 1997/01/15 03:11:50 ali Exp $
;
; Copyright (c) 1994-1997, Research Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
; Unauthorized reproduction prohibited.
;+
; NAME:
; R_TEST
;
; PURPOSE:
; This function tests the hypothesis that a binary sequence (a
; sequence of 1s and 0s) represents a "random sampling". This
; test is based on the "theory of runs" and is often refered to
; as the Runs Test for Randomness. The result is a two-element
; vector containing the nearly-normal test statistic Z and the
; one-tailed probability of obtaining a value of Z or greater.
;
; CATEGORY:
; Statistics.
;
; CALLING SEQUENCE:
; Result = R_test(X)
;
; INPUTS:
; X: An n-element vector of type integer, float or double.
; Elements not equal to 0 or 1 are removed and the length
; of X is correspondingly reduced.
;
; KEYWORD PARAMETERS:
; R: Use this keyword to specify a named variable which returns
; the number of runs (clusters of 0s and 1s) in X.
;
; N0: Use this keyword to specify a named variable which returns
; the number of 0s in X.
;
; N1: Use this keyword to specify a named variable which returns
; the number of 1s in X.
;
; EXAMPLE:
; Define a vector of 1s and 0s.
; x = [0,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1,1,0,1,0,0,1,0,1]
;
; Test the hypothesis that x represents a random sampling against the
; hypothesis that it does not represent a random sampling at the 0.05
; significance level.
; result = r_test(x, r = r, n0 = n0, n1 = n1)
;
; The result should be the 2-element vector:
; [2.26487, 0.0117604]
; The keyword parameters should be returned as:
; r = 22.0000, n0 = 16.0000, n1 = 14.0000
;
; The computed probability (0.0117604) is less than the 0.05
; significance level and therefore we reject the hypothesis that x
; represents a random sampling. The results show that there are too
; many runs, indicating a non-random cyclical pattern.
;
; PROCEDURE:
; R_TEST computes the nonparametric Runs Test for Randomness. A
; "run" is a cluster of identical symbols within a sequence of two
; distinct symbols. The binary sequence (x) defined in EXAMPLE has
; 22 runs (or clusters). The first run contains one 0, the second
; run contains two 1s, the third run contains one 0, and so on.
; In general, the randomness hypothesis will be rejected if there
; are lengthy runs of 0s or 1s or if there are alternating patters
; of many short runs.
;
; REFERENCE:
; PROBABILITY and STATISTICS for ENGINEERS and SCIENTISTS (3rd edition)
; Ronald E. Walpole & Raymond H. Myers
; ISBN 0-02-424170-9
;
; MODIFICATION HISTORY:
; Written by: GGS, RSI, August 1994
;-
function r_test, x, r = r, n0 = n0, n1 = n1
on_error, 2
nx = n_elements(x)
if nx le 10 then message, $
'Not defined for input vectors of 10 or fewer elements.'
;Remove any sequence elements that are not 0s or 1s.
data = where(x eq 0 or x eq 1, nb)
if nb ne 0 then x = x[data]
sx = size(x)
h0 = where(x eq 0, n0)
if n0 ne 0 then hi = where(h0+1 ne shift(h0, -1), nn0) $
else nn0 = 0L
n1 = sx[1] - n0
if x[sx[1]-1] ne x[0] then nn1 = nn0 $
else if x[0] eq 1 then nn1 = nn0 + 1 $
else nn1 = nn0 - 1
if n0 eq 0 or n1 eq 0 then message, $
'x is a sequence of identical data.'
r = nn0 + nn1
e = 2.0 * n0 * n1 / (n0 + n1) + 1.0
v = 2.0 * n0 * n1 * (2.0 * n1 * n0 - n0 - n1) / $
((n0 + n1 -1.0) * (n1 + n0)^2)
z = (r - e) / sqrt(v)
prob = 1.0 - gauss_pdf(abs(z))
return, [z, prob]
end